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References

Omega-6 Fatty Acids

  1. Regents of the University of Michigan: Omega-6 Fatty Acids; accessed on 12/01/2015
  2. Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State University: Essential Fatty Acids; accessed on 01/12/2015
  3. Ishikawa T, Fujiyama Y, Igarashi O, Morino M, Tada N, Kagami A, Sakamoto T, Nagano M, Nakamura H.: Effects of gammalinolenic acid on plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins.; Atherosclerosis. 1989 Feb;75(2-3):95-104.; PMID: 2540757
  4. Fearon KC, Falconer JS, Ross JA, Carter DC, Hunter JO, Reynolds PD, Tuffnell Q.: An open-label phase I/II dose escalation study of the treatment of pancreatic cancer using lithium gammalinolenate.; Anticancer Res. 1996 Mar-Apr;16(2):867-74.; PMID: 8687143
  5. Bordoni A, Biagi PL, Masi M, Ricci G, Fanelli C, Patrizi A, Ceccolini E.: Evening primrose oil (Efamol) in the treatment of children with atopic eczema.; Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1988;14(4):291-7.; PMID: 3048953
  6. Surette ME, Stull D, Lindemann J.: The impact of a medical food containing gammalinolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids on asthma management and the quality of life of adult asthma patients.; Curr Med Res Opin. 2008 Feb;24(2):559-67. doi: 10.1185/030079908X273011; PMID: 18194593
  7. Schirmer MA, Phinney SD.: Gamma-linolenate reduces weight regain in formerly obese humans; J Nutr. 2007 Jun;137(6):1430-5.; PMID: 17513402
  8. Kapoor R, Huang YS.: Gamma linolenic acid: an anti-inflammatory omega-6 fatty acid.; Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2006 Dec;7(6):531-4.; PMID: 17168669
  9. Zurier RB, Rossetti RG, Jacobson EW, DeMarco DM, Liu NY, Temming JE, White BM, Laposata M.: gamma-Linolenic acid treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.; Arthritis Rheum. 1996 Nov;39(11):1808-17.; PMID: 8912502
  10. Kapoor R, Huang YS.: Gamma linolenic acid: an antiinflammatory omega-6 fatty acid.; Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2006 Dec;7(6):531-4.; PMID: 17168669
  11. Fan YY, Chapkin RS.: Importance of dietary gamma-linolenic acid in human health and nutrition.; J Nutr. 1998 Sep;128(9):1411-4.; PMID: 9732298
  12. University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC): Gamma-linolenic acid; accessed on 12/01/2015
  13. Calder PC.: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases.; Am J Clin Nutr June 2006 vol. 83 no. 6 S1505-1519S
  14. E. Patterson, R. Wall, G. F. Fitzgerald, R. P. Ross, C. Stanton: Health Implications of High Dietary Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism; Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 539426, 16 pages; http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/539426
  15. Xiaomei Yu, Tao Huang, Xiumei Weng, Tianxing Shou, Qiang Wang, Xiaoqiong Zhou, Qinxin Hu, Duo Li: Plasma n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and inflammatory markers in Chinese vegetarians; Lipids Health Dis. 2014; 13: 151.; Published online 2014 Sep 29. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-13-151; PMCID: PMC4196115
  16. E. Patterson, R. Wall, G. F. Fitzgerald, R. P. Ross, C. Stanton: Health Implications of High Dietary Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism; Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 539426, 16 pages; http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/539426
  17. Jason HY Wu1; Rozenn N. Lemaitre; Irena B. King; Xiaoling Song; Bruce M. Psaty; David S. Siscovick; Dariush Mozaffarian: Circulating Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality: The Cardiovascular Health Study; CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011590; Published online before print August 14, 2014, doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011590
  18. Calder PC.: Polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: New twists in an old tale.; Biochimie. 2009 Jun;91(6):791-5. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2009.01.008.; PMID: 19455748
  19. Czernichow S, Thomas D, Bruckert E.: n-6 Fatty acids and cardiovascular health: a review of the evidence for dietary intake recommendations.; Br J Nutr. 2010 Sep;104(6):788-96. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510002096. Epub 2010 Jun 4.; PMID: 20522273
  20. Al-Khudairy L, Hartley L, Clar C, Flowers N, Hooper L, Rees K.: Omega 6 fatty acids for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.; Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Nov 16;11:CD011094. [Epub ahead of print]; PMID: 26571451
  21. William S. Harris, PhD, FAHA, Chair; Dariush Mozaffarian, MD, DrPH, FAHA; Eric Rimm, ScD, FAHA; Penny Kris-Etherton, PhD, FAHA; Lawrence L. Rudel, PhD, FAHA; Lawrence J. Appel, MD, MPH, FAHA; Marguerite M. Engler, PhD, FAHA; Mary B. Engler, PhD, FAHA; Frank Sacks, MD, FAHA: Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease; Circulation. 2009; 119: 902-907; Published online before print January 26, 2009, doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191627
  22. The Physicians Committee: Essential Fatty Acids; accessed on 02/02/2015
  23. Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State University: Essential Fatty Acids; accessed on February 2, 2015
  24. The Institute for Optimum Nutrition: ION Archives Issue: Winter Year of publication: 2006; accessed on February 2, 2015
  25. Brenda C Davis, Penny M Kris-Etherton: Achieving optimal essential fatty acid status in vegetarians: current knowledge and practical implications; American Society for Clinical Nutrition; Am J Clin Nutr September 2003; vol. 78 no. 3 640S-646S
  26. Justin E. Karr, Joel E. Alexander, Robert G. Winningham: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognition throughout the lifespan: A review; Psychology Division, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, OR 97361, USA.; Nutritional Neuroscience (Impact Factor: 2.27). 09/2011; 14(5):216-25. DOI: 10.1179/1476830511Y.0000000012
  27. Harris WS.: The omega-6/omega-3 ratio and cardiovascular disease risk: uses and abuses.; Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2006 Nov;8(6):453-9.; PMID: 17045070
  28. Angela V Saunders, Brenda C Davis, Manohar L Garg: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vegetarian diets; Med J Aust 2013; 199 (4 Suppl): S22-S26.; doi: 10.5694/mja11.11507
  29. Liou YA, King DJ, Zibrik D, Innis SM.: Decreasing linoleic acid with constant alpha-linolenic acid in dietary fats increases (n-3) eicosapentaenoic acid in plasma phospholipids in healthy men.; J Nutr. 2007 Apr;137(4):945-52.; PMID: 17374659
  30. Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State University: Essential Fatty Acids; accessed on 02/02/2015
  31. University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC): Omega-6 fatty acids; accessed on 02/02/2015
  32. Narinder Kaur, Vishal Chugh, Anil K. Gupta: Essential fatty acids as functional components of foods- a review; J Food Sci Technol. 2014 Oct; 51(10): 2289–2303.; Published online 2012 Mar 21. doi: 10.1007/s13197-012-0677-0; PMCID: PMC4190204
  33. Australian National Health and Medical Research Council: Vitamin E; accessed on 02/02/2015
  34. Valk EE, Hornstra G.: Relationship between vitamin E requirement and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake in man: a review.; Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2000 Mar;70(2):31-42.; PMID: 10804454