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References

Vegan Vitamin A Foods

  1. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, National Institutes of Health: Vitamin A, Fact Sheet for Health Professionals; accessed on July 11, 2016
  2. Tilman Grune, Georg Lietz, Andreu Palou, A. Catharine Ross, Wilhelm Stahl, Guangweng Tang, David Thurnham, Shi-an Yin, Hans K. Biesalski: β-Carotene Is an Important Vitamin A Source for Humans; J Nutr. 2010 Dec; 140(12): 2268S–2285S.; Published online 2010 Oct 27.; doi: 10.3945/jn.109.119024; PMCID: PMC3139236
  3. Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2000. 8, β-Carotene and Other Carotenoids.
  4. SCCS members: U. Bernauer, Q. Chaudhry, P. Coenraads, G. H. Degen, M. Dusinska, W. Lilienblum, E. Nielsen, T. Platzek, C. Rousselle, J. van Benthem; External experts: A. Bernard, J. Duus-Johansen, J. Ezendam, A. Giménez-Arnau, E. Mirkova, E. Panteri, T. Vanhaecke: Opinion on Vitamin A (Retinol, Retinyl Acetate, Retinyl Palmitate); On request from: European Commission; SCCS Number: SCCS/1576/16; Adopted on: 20 April 2016
  5. SCCS members: U. Bernauer, Q. Chaudhry, P. Coenraads, G. H. Degen, M. Dusinska, W. Lilienblum, E. Nielsen, T. Platzek, C. Rousselle, J. van Benthem; External experts: A. Bernard, J. Duus-Johansen, J. Ezendam, A. Giménez-Arnau, E. Mirkova, E. Panteri, T. Vanhaecke: Opinion on Vitamin A (Retinol, Retinyl Acetate, Retinyl Palmitate); On request from: European Commission; SCCS Number: SCCS/1576/16; Adopted on: 20 April 2016
  6. Emília Lešková, Jana Kubíková, Eva Kováčiková, Martina Košická, Janka Porubská, Kristína Holčíková: Vitamin losses: Retention during heat treatment and continual changes expressed by mathematical models; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis Volume 19, Issue 4, June 2006, Pages 252–276; After Processing: The Fate of Food Components; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2005.04.014
  7. Emília Lešková, Jana Kubíková, Eva Kováčiková, Martina Košická, Janka Porubská, Kristína Holčíková: Vitamin losses: Retention during heat treatment and continual changes expressed by mathematical models; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis Volume 19, Issue 4, June 2006, Pages 252–276; After Processing: The Fate of Food Components; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2005.04.014
  8. Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2001. 4, Vitamin A.
  9. Ribaya-Mercado JD, Maramag CC, Tengco LW, Dolnikowski GG, Blumberg JB, Solon FS.: Carotene-rich plant foods ingested with minimal dietary fat enhance the total-body vitamin A pool size in Filipino schoolchildren as assessed by stable-isotope-dilution methodology.; Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Apr;85(4):1041-9.; PMID: 17413103
  10. Karin H. van het Hof, Christine Gärtner, Anton Wiersma, Lilian B. M. Tijburg, Jan A. Weststrate: Comparison of the Bioavailability of Natural Palm Oil Carotenoids and Synthetic β-Carotene in Humans; Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 1999 47 (4), 1582-1586; DOI: 10.1021/jf981091a
  11. F Jalal, M C Nesheim, Z Agus, D Sanjur, and J P Habicht: Serum retinol concentrations in children are affected by food sources of beta-carotene, fat intake, and anthelmintic drug treatment.; Am J Clin Nutr September 1998 vol. 68 no. 3 623-629
  12. Haskell MJ, Jamil KM, Hassan F, Peerson JM, Hossain MI, Fuchs GJ, Brown KH.: Daily consumption of Indian spinach (Basella alba) or sweet potatoes has a positive effect on total-body vitamin A stores in Bangladeshi men.; Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Sep;80(3):705-14.; PMID: 15321812
  13. Burri, B. J. (2011), Evaluating Sweet Potato as an Intervention Food to Prevent Vitamin A Deficiency. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 10: 118–130. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00146.x
  14. Guangwen Tang, Jian Qin, Gregory G Dolnikowski, Robert M Russell, Michael A Grusak: Spinach or carrots can supply significant amounts of vitamin A as assessed by feeding with intrinsically deuterated vegetables; Am J Clin Nutr October 2005 vol. 82 no. 4 821-828
  15. Courraud J, Berger J, Cristol JP, Avallone S.: Stability and bioaccessibility of different forms of carotenoids and vitamin A during in vitro digestion.; Food Chem. 2013 Jan 15;136(2):871-7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.076. Epub 2012 Sep 8.; PMID: 23122139
  16. Courraud J, Berger J, Cristol JP, Avallone S.: Stability and bioaccessibility of different forms of carotenoids and vitamin A during in vitro digestion.; Food Chem. 2013 Jan 15;136(2):871-7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.076. Epub 2012 Sep 8.; PMID: 23122139