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References

Vitamin B12 Supplementation

  1. Hardlei TF, Mørkbak AL, Bor MV, Bailey LB, Hvas AM, Nexo E.: Assessment of vitamin B(12) absorption based on the accumulation of orally administered cyanocobalamin on transcobalamin.; Clin Chem. 2010 Mar;56(3):432-6. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2009.131524. Epub 2009 Dec 29.; PMID: 20040621
  2. Hye-Jeon Cho, Byung-Kyung Do, Soon-Mi Shim, Hoonjeong Kwon, Dong-Ha Lee, Ahn-Hee Nah, Youn-Ju Choi, Sook-Yeon Lee: Determination of Cyanogenic Compounds in Edible Plants by Ion Chromatography; Toxicol Res. 2013 Jun; 29(2): 143–147.; doi: 10.5487/TR.2013.29.2.143; PMCID: PMC3834451
  3. Jack Norris RD, VeganHealth.org: Side Effects of B12 Supplements; accessed on 12/14/2015
  4. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION: Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality: 12.33 Cyanide; 12. CHEMICAL FACT SHEETS; 2004
  5. M Rezaul Haque, J Howard Bradbury: Total cyanide determination of plants and foods using the picrate and acid hydrolysis methods; Analytical, Nutritional and Clinical Methods Section; Food Chemistry Volume 77, Issue 1, May 2002, Pages 107–114; doi:10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00313-2
  6. John Paul Killen, M.B., B.S.; Vanessa L. Brenninger, M.Sc.: Vitamin B12 Deficiency; Correspondence; N Engl J Med 2013; 368:2040-2042 May 23, 2013; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1304350
  7. Koyama K, Yoshida A, Takeda A, Morozumi K, Fujinami T, Tanaka N.: Abnormal cyanide metabolism in uraemic patients.; Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997 Aug;12(8):1622-8.; PMID: 9269639
  8. Martinelli D, Deodato F, Dionisi-Vici C.: Cobalamin C defect: natural history, pathophysiology, and treatment.; J Inherit Metab Dis. 2011 Feb;34(1):127-35. doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9161-z. Epub 2010 Jul 15.; PMID: 20632110
  9. J. C. Linnell, A. D. Smith, C. L. Smith, J. Wilson, D. M. Matthews: Effects of smoking on metabolism and excretion of vitamin B12.; Br Med J. 1968 Apr 27; 2(5599): 215–216.; PMCID: PMC1985886
  10. WebMD, LLC.: cyanocobalamin (vitamin B-12) sublingual; Drugs & Medications; retrieved on 12/14/2015
  11. drugs.com: Cyanocobalamin (b12); accessed on 12/14/2015
  12. WebMD, LLC: cyanocobalamin (vitamin B-12); accessed on 12/14/2015
  13. Obeid R, Fedosov SN, Nexo E.: Cobalamin coenzyme forms are not likely to be superior to cyano- and hydroxyl-cobalamin in prevention or treatment of cobalamin deficiency.; Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015 Jul;59(7):1364-72. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201500019. Epub 2015 May 12.; PMID: 25820384
  14. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy, F. Aguilar, U. Charrondiere, B. Dusemund, P. Galtier, J. Gilbert, D.M. Gott, S. Grilli, R. Guertler, G.E.N. Kass, J. Koenig, C. Lambré, J-C. Larsen, J-C. Leblanc, A. Mortensen, D. Parent-Massin, I. Pratt, I. Rietjens, I. Stankovic, P. Tobback, T. Verguieva, R. Woutersen.: 5’-deoxyadenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin as sources for Vitamin B12 added as a nutritional substance in food supplements[1] - Scientific opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to food; Published: 10th October 2008; doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2008.815
  15. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy, F. Aguilar, U. Charrondiere, B. Dusemund, P. Galtier, J. Gilbert, D.M. Gott, S. Grilli, R. Guertler, G.E.N. Kass, J. Koenig, C. Lambré, J-C. Larsen, J-C. Leblanc, A. Mortensen, D. Parent-Massin, I. Pratt, I. Rietjens, I. Stankovic, P. Tobback, T. Verguieva, R. Woutersen.: 5’-deoxyadenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin as sources for Vitamin B12 added as a nutritional substance in food supplements[1] - Scientific opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to food; Published: October 10, 2008; doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2008.815
  16. Ralph Carmel: How I treat cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency; Blood. 2008 Sep 15; 112(6): 2214–2221.; Prepublished online 2008 Jul 7. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-03-040253; PMCID: PMC2532799
  17. Ralph Carmel: How I treat cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency; Blood. 2008 Sep 15; 112(6): 2214–2221.; Prepublished online 2008 Jul 7. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-03-040253; PMCID: PMC2532799
  18. Sally P. Stabler, M.D.: Vitamin B12 Deficiency; Correspondence; N Engl J Med 2013; 368:2040-2042 May 23, 2013; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1304350
  19. Amir Sharabi, Eytan Cohen, Jaqueline Sulkes, Moshe Garty: Replacement therapy for vitamin B12 deficiency: comparison between the sublingual and oral route; Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Dec; 56(6): 635–638.; doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01907.x; PMCID: PMC1884303
  20. Yazaki Y, Chow G, Mattie M.: A single-center, double-blinded, randomized controlled study to evaluate the relative efficacy of sublingual and oral vitamin B-complex administration in reducing total serum homocysteine levels.; J Altern Complement Med. 2006 Nov;12(9):881-5.; PMID: 17109579
  21. VeganHealth.org, Jack Norris RD: Daily Recommendations; accessed on December 14, 2015
  22. The Vegan Society: Vitamin B12: your key facts; accessed on December 14, 2015